![]() Let me know what you come up with in the comments. Now try making some more chords, using different vowel sounds and different combinations of letters. A few starter chords to get you going, using the "short a" sound: Then try plugging in additional consonants. Practice going through the vowel sounds to reinforce them in your muscle memory. If I've highlighted a few that actually are words, let me know I'm not the world's best Scrabble player.) First try a few from the chart: (Purple-highlighted cells in the chart represent chord combinations that aren't English words and can therefore be assigned to phonetic word parts or briefs. I've made a chart that shows what you get when you try just one left-hand letter, a vowel or vowel chord, and just one right-hand letter, but remember that steno can work with an unlimited number of letters in a chord. Try using them with your new vowel combinations. These are the single-key letters that appear on both sides of the steno keyboard: S, T, P, and R. In this lesson we're only going to deal with the top section of the complete steno layout chart that I posted several weeks ago. Let's ditch the pseudosteno and move into some actual steno. Eventually I'm going to make a steno tutorial video game that will teach you these sounds and drill you on them, but for now you're going to have to memorize them on your own, with whatever method that works. The good news is that these operate almost entirely phonetically, so you don't have to concern yourself with spelling. The last group covers so-called "long" vowel sounds and diphthongs, and it's going to involve the most straight-up memorization. That covers the second group of steno vowels. It can be used as a spelling differentiator for word pairs like "soar" (SAOR) and "sore" (SOR), but more often than that, it's used to represent the "OO" vowel pair, irrespective of what it sounds like. (Or, in the case of a word pair like "breech" and "breach", with the long E sound, "AOE", for breech, while breach would be written "BRAECH" in pseudosteno.) This is the main use for the "AE" key combination, so you can see that it's really a conflict differentiator, rather than a vowel sound per se. You can see that words containing "ea" together are written with "AE", while the words with the same long A sound that don't contain "ea" together are written phonetically, with "AEU". Let's go back to pseudosteno again for some examples: I spoke a little about this in Lesson Zero, but now that you see the whole vowel chart, it should make more sense. The theory also uses spelling cues to differentiate between long-vowel soundalike words. "Pert" and "Purr" have the same sound, but "pert" is written with the E key, and "purr" with the U key. So if a word is written with a single "short" vowel, it will usually be written with the same vowel on the steno machine, regardless of what it actually sounds like. ![]() ![]() The steno theory I learned, while mostly phonetic, sometimes uses spelling to inform how to write a word. That's because, even though English has a fairly large number of actual vowel sounds, English spelling breaks vowels up into two rough categories: "short", which consists of a single vowel on its own, and "long", which consists of a doubled vowel, a diphthong (two different vowels together), or a vowel whose sound is modified by another vowel elsewhere in the word. You'll see from the examples that a single vowel can stand for a few different vowel sounds. (EU, even though it's a chord and not a letter, should also be grouped with them rather than with the vowel chords below, because it corresponds to the letter "I" and works like a single-key vowel). Let's look at the single vowels first: A, O, E, and U. In order to keep it at a manageable level, I'm going to focus this lesson on two main groups of letters: The vowels, including chorded vowel combinations, and the consonants which appear as single letters on both sides of the steno keyboard. So you've read Lesson Zero, which taught you some basic principles using pseudosteno, and now you're ready to start learning real steno.
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